You’re sitting in a lecture hall, heart pounding as your professor hands back the midterm exam. You glance down: 65%. A D. Panic sets in. Is this enough to pass? Will I still graduate on time? If you’ve ever had these thoughts—or you’re simply trying to stay ahead in your academic journey—you’re not alone. Understanding what counts as a passing grade in college can be the difference between earning your degree on time and facing unexpected academic setbacks.
In 2025, grading policies remain similar to years past but with growing nuances tied to your major, the grading scale, and your school’s academic policies. This guide will walk you through what a passing grade in college is, when a D might not be enough, and what steps you can take if you’re at risk.
Understanding Passing Grades in College
Grades aren’t just letters—they represent your understanding of course material and determine your eligibility to graduate. But what exactly is a “passing” grade in 2025?
The Standard College Grading Scale
Most U.S. colleges use a traditional letter grading system: A through F, with corresponding percentages and GPA values. Typically:
- An A ranges from 90–100% (4.0 GPA)
- B is 80–89% (3.0–3.9)
- C is 70–79% (2.0–2.9)
- D is 60–69% (1.0–1.9)
- F is below 60% (0.0 GPA)
In most institutions, anything above an F is technically passing, meaning even a D-minus might earn you course credit.
Is a D a Passing Grade?
Here’s the catch: while a D may technically pass, it might not be enough for your goals. For example, Lehigh University, Rutgers, and the University of Washington recognize a D-minus as the lowest passing grade. A 0.7 GPA associated with a D-minus still earns you credit.
However, at places like Northwestern University, a D might count toward general education but not for your major. You might need at least a C-minus in core subjects. The stakes are even higher at Princeton University, where multiple D’s in one semester could land you on academic probation.
So yes, a D is usually passing—but not always useful. Whether or not it “counts” depends on your school’s and department’s rules.
What Passing Means—Credit vs. Competence
A passing grade serves two purposes: helping you earn credit and proving you’ve mastered the material. But passing with a D might only fulfill the former.
Credit Toward Graduation
In many cases, a D means you’ll get credit hours added toward your graduation requirements. But it doesn’t necessarily mean you’re on track academically. For instance, if you earn a D in a prerequisite course—say, Biology 101—you might not be allowed to move on to Biology 102. Schools often require a minimum of a C-minus to progress in sequential courses.
When a D Is Not Enough
Especially in your major or minor, grades matter more. It’s common for programs to require at least a C in all major-related classes. Graduate schools are even more selective. At the University of Utah, any grade below C-minus won’t count toward a graduate degree. The University of Texas at Austin and the University of Florida both maintain similar policies. If you’re eyeing graduate programs or competitive internships, even a C might not be enough.
The Pass/Fail Grading System
Let’s say you’re struggling in a tough elective course unrelated to your major. Is there a way to avoid GPA damage while still getting credit? That’s where pass/fail grading can be a lifesaver.
How Pass/No-Pass Works
Instead of receiving a letter grade, you’re graded as either “P” (pass) or “F” (fail). If you pass, you earn credit, but the course doesn’t affect your GPA. This system gives you breathing room, especially during semesters packed with demanding classes.
When to Consider Taking a Course Pass/Fail
Students often choose this route for:
- Electives outside their field of study
- Classes taken during a semester with a heavy workload
- Courses they’re interested in, but unsure they’ll excel in
For example, an engineering major might take an art history class pass/fail to explore personal interests without worrying about their GPA.
Limitations of Pass/Fail Courses
However, you can’t rely on this system too much. Most colleges limit how many pass/fail classes you can apply toward graduation. And many departments won’t accept pass/fail grades for major or general education requirements. Some schools also require a minimum of a C to earn a “P”, not just a D.
How Grades Vary by Program or Institution
It’s not just about letter grades—it’s about where and how those grades apply. Each school and academic department has its standards.
College and Department-Level Policies
One student’s D might be another student’s dealbreaker. That’s why it’s important to check with your academic advisor or department head about specific requirements. For example:
- Some business programs require a B-minus or higher in key courses
- Pre-med tracks may demand consistent A or B performance
- Art programs might value portfolio over GPA, but still have course grade minimums
Examples from 2025 College Policies
Policies in 2025 remain relatively consistent with prior years:
University of Utah: No grade below C-minus is accepted toward graduate degrees.
Lehigh & Rutgers: D-minus is passing, but doesn’t always fulfill prerequisites.
Princeton: Receiving two D’s in one semester may lead to academic probation.
Checking your college’s handbook or advising portal can save you from costly surprises later.
What to Do If You’re At Risk of Not Passing
Struggling with your grade doesn’t mean it’s the end of the road. There are always steps you can take to recover—and even grow from the experience.
Actionable Steps to Improve Your Grade
Start by being proactive. Talk to your professor. Many are willing to work with students who show effort and take initiative. Don’t wait until finals week.
Then, use your school’s support resources:
- Visit the writing center or math lab
- Attend tutoring sessions or supplemental instruction groups
- Join or form a study group
Also, turn in every assignment, even if it’s late. Partial credit is always better than a zero.
Consider Withdrawing or Retaking
Sometimes, withdrawing from a class is smarter than failing it, especially if it’s early in the semester. A “W” on your transcript usually won’t impact your GPA.
If you do fail, ask about retake policies. Many colleges allow students to retake a failed course and replace the old grade with the new one, helping repair their GPA and understanding of the subject.
Why Your College Grades Matter
Grades are more than numbers—they impact your future in academic and professional ways.
Academic Progress and Financial Aid
Your GPA affects more than graduation—it also determines whether you:
- Qualify for scholarships
- Remain eligible for federal financial aid
- Stay off academic probation
Most aid programs require a minimum 2.0 GPA. Falling below this could mean losing critical funding.
Post-College Plans: Jobs and Grad School
If you’re planning to apply to grad school, know that many programs require at least a 3.0 GPA. Even employers sometimes ask for transcripts during hiring, especially for entry-level jobs or competitive industries like finance or consulting.
Your academic performance can reflect your work ethic, time management skills, and subject mastery—traits that matter well beyond graduation.
FAQs: Passing Grades in College
What is a passing grade in college in 2025?
Typically, a D or higher is considered passing, but rules vary by school and course type.
Does a D count toward my major?
In most cases, no. Departments usually require at least a C-minus for major or prerequisite courses.
Can I graduate with some D grades?
Possibly—if they’re not in required courses and your overall GPA meets the minimum threshold.
What happens if I fail a class?
You won’t earn credit, but you can often retake it to replace the grade or improve your GPA.
Is pass/fail a good option?
Yes, for certain electives or challenging courses—but make sure it still counts toward graduation requirements.
Final Thoughts
Grades can feel like everything in college, but they’re just one piece of your academic story. Understanding what constitutes a passing grade in college in 2025 can help you plan smarter, avoid setbacks, and make informed choices about your course load. Whether you’re breathing a sigh of relief over a D-minus or deciding to retake a course for a stronger finish, the important thing is to stay informed, stay proactive, and remember. Every grade is an opportunity to learn, grow, and move forward.
